“Ancient sites in Chile – Highlighting Monte Verde, TAgua Tagua and the Chinchorro”
by
Ruth McElhinney
Monday, July 11, 2022
5:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. PDT
People have been living in the southwest part of South America for more than eighteen thousand years – and some archaeologists say it could be as much as thirty-three thousand years. Ruth will review excavations in Chile that reflect People have been living in the southwest part of South America for more than eighteen thousand years – and some archaeologists say it could be as much as thirty-three thousand years. Ruth will review excavations in Chile that reflect this ancient presence. More specifically she will discuss the finds from Monte Verde, Tagua Tagua and Chinchorro sites. Monte Verde is renowned for finds dated to 18,300 years ago if not 33,000 years ago. Tagua Tagua has artifacts dated to 11,380. A Chinchorro male mummy bears the earliest tattoo found in the Americas. He has a mustache-like dotted line tattooed above his upper lip; the tattoo dates to c. 2300 BC.

Ruth McElhinney, a retired economic development, community relations and legislative professional has a keen avocational interest in history, anthropology and archaeology. She has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Sacramento Archeological Society, Inc. for more than twenty years. She has participated in archaeological excavations and lab work in Italy, Mississippi, and California; has attended historical classes at Oxford; co-led classes for the Renaissance Society, a lifelong learning community sponsored by Sacramento State University; and served as a board member of Friends of San Juan (San Juan de Oriente, Nicaragua). She has traveled widely, visiting archaeological sites in Great Britain, Ireland, Meso-America, and South Africa.

“Seasonality and harvesting practices for pre-contact site in Alameda-11”
by
Marcela Barron, University of California. Davis graduate student
Saturday, June 11, 2022
2:00 p.m. – 3:00 p.m. PDT
Bulk samples from a shell midden deposit were collected on a precontact site in CA-ALA-11, an estuarine site in the city of Alameda on the San Francisco Bay in December/January 2020-2021, but no seasonality studies were undertaken. Marcela as part of her PhD dissertation is examining the stable isotope signature in the growth rings of the shell, with the last growth ring corresponding to the season of harvest. By analyzing a large sample she will be able to determine the seasonal occupation of the site.

Marcela graduated with a B.A in Anthropology from California State University Channel Islands and is now a graduate student at University of California, Davis. She has been working in California cultural resource management for several years for firms including Aspen Environmental Group, Rincon Consultants, SWCA Environmental Consultants and Environ Inc. She brings significant practical experience and laboratory experience to this project.

“Experimental Reproduction of Bone Tools – An Attempt to Quantify Relative Complexity of Bone Projectile Points From Middle/Late Stone Age Africa”
by
Sean Begg, University of California. Davis graduate
Saturday, June 11, 2022
3:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. PST
Tool usage in Middle/Late Stone Age Africa involved stone and bone materials. Projectile points made from bone are conventionally regarded as indicative of behavioral modernity. They may have been less complex than previously thought. Sean Begg will discuss his work researching this topic.
Sean Begg graduated from University of California, Davis in 2021 with a Bachelor of Sciences in Anthropology and was awarded an SAS scholarship in 2021. At U. C., Davis he worked at the Center for Experimental Archaeology to examine and reproduce bone tools from Middle/Late Stone Age, Africa. He also prepared bone and teeth samples from a Bronze Age site in the Ukraine for stable isotope analysis to reconstruct ancient diets.

“Stone Tools at Nelson Bay Cave South Africa”
by Sara Watson, PhD candidate UC Davis
Saturday, May 14, 2022
2:00 p.m.
Looking at material from South Africa, one of the likely places where our species may have developed, Sara Watson in her dissertation is investigating the emergence of new behaviors starting from some 65,000 years ago. She is addressing some of the earliest use of small tools (or microliths) by Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers. Such kind of stone technology is thought to be part of a broader conceptual change in the way humans conceived their hunting weapons. This project has involved field work and study of stone tools from the sites of Knysna Eastern Heads Cave and Montau Cave and Nelson Bay Cave in South Africa.

Sara Watson is a PhD student in the Department of Anthropology at University of California, Davis. She received her B.A. (Summa cum Laude) in Anthropology at University of Texas at Arlington and a Masters in Anthropology at University of California, Davis. Her research focuses on human decision-making surrounding stone tool production 50,000 to 20,000 years ago in southern Africa. Her work thus far has resulted in two publications (two as first author), and three manuscripts in preparation (all as first author).

“Lost Cultures of South America (Peru)”
by
Jan Johansen, SAS
Saturday, April 9, 2022
2:00 p.m. – 3:30 p.m. PST
We know about the ancient Egyptians and their pyramids; the Greeks and their sculptures and temples; and everybody knows about the Maya and their famous calendar and the Inca who were overthrown by the Spanish. But other ancient peoples get short mention in world history. Jan Johansen will discuss archaeological evidence that highlights lost cultures of Peru.
Jan Johansen, member of Sacramento Archeological Society, Inc., past president and current vice-president has been interested in archaeology for years as an avocation. Before she generally retired she had several careers: teacher, software developer/manager, sales representative, project/program manager, and bookkeeper/accountant. She has traveled fairly extensively focusing on ancient cultures and their history. In South America she has visited Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, and Columbia. Her experiences there have tuned her interest in lost cultures of South America.

Tunna Nossi’ Kaiva’ Gwaa
“The Place Where The Antelope Go To Dream” by
Morgan Hall and Parinita Kumari, University of California, Davis
Saturday, March 12, 2022
2:00 p.m. – 3:30 p.m. PST
University of California, Davis sponsors a field school at the site of Tunna’ Nossi’ Kaiva’ Gwaa in the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest on the ancestral lands of the Numu (Northern Paiute) and Washoe tribes. In 2021, the focus of the field school was to collaborate with the Bridgeport Indian Colony in an effort to learn about an ancient communal hunting complex. This site is especially rich in surface lithics. The goal of the research is to study the evolution of cooperative hunting dynamics in the Great Basin through the examination of large-scale trap complexes and rock rings, which we identified using pedestrian surveys, surface mapping, site recording, and laboratory analysis. Both Morgan Hall and Parinita Kumari received scholarships to attend the school. They will relate their experiences at the site.
Morgan Hall is a senior at University of California, Davis majoring in Anthropology and a 2021 SAS scholarship recipient. She has been an officer in the UC Davis Anthropology Club and hopes to pursue a career in Cultural resource management.
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Parinita Kumari is a senior at University of California, Davis majoring in Evolutionary Anthropology and a 2021 SAS scholarship recipient. Her senior honors thesis involves the analysis of projectile point type distributions to determine whether or not biodiversity is a driver of cultural diversity.

“Backing of Stone Tools – Experimental Archaeology”
by
Caleb Chen, New York University graduate student
Saturday, February 12 2022
2:00 p.m. – 3:30 p.m. PST
Archaeologists record backed stone tools (tools that have been dulled along one edge by retouch or other intentional breakages) in worldwide assemblages. There are two main hypotheses to explain backing’s use to modify stone flakes and blades. The symbolic hypothesis predicts that “backing” served as a social signaling mechanism between cultural groups (Wurz 199). The functional hypothesis predicts that backing increases a stone tool’s adhesion strength in a hafting bond (Barham 2013). Caleb will discuss these two hypotheses and offer the results of his experimentation on hafting.

Caleb Chen graduated from University of California, Davis in 2020 with a Bachelor of Sciences in Anthropology, Summa Cum Laude. He is continuing his studies in Anthropology at New York University. He has experience from the Center of Experimental Archaeology at Davis in replication of self and sinew-backed prehistoric bows and tule canoes, and creating fishhooks from Channel Island single pieces. During the summer of 2021 Caleb studied backed stone tools at Kent State University. He created copies from South African archaeological blades from various materials that are backed and unbacked. He fired these manually and mechanically into clay targets until hafting bond failed and recorded the results.

SAS Webinar
“Native American Village in Sierra Foothills– Excavation”
by
Kiana Hugins, University of California, Merced
Saturday, January 8, 2022
2:00 p.m. – 3:30 p.m. PST
Grandad Archaeological Field School has been conducted at the Native American village site (Polachi) in the Sierran Foothills between Oakhurst and Mariposa for 20+ years. The village was occupied for over 9,000 years and provides Fresno State students with a rich learning experience to gain basic skills in field work in archaeology as well as learn about Sierran pre-history. The property the site is located on is land owned by a Miwuk/Chuckchansi family, who asked them to dig at their village site. Kiana will discuss her experiences with this field school and how she expanded her knowledge of Indigenous people.

Kiana Hugins is a senior at University of California, Merced majoring in Anthropology and a 2021 SAS scholarship recipient. She co-founded and has been president of the Anthropology Society of UC Merced since 2018. In 2019 and again in 2021 she participated in a Fresno State Archaeological Field School, first as a crew member and then as a crew chief. Her archaeological interests lay in studying the transformation that colonialism had on North America’s ecosystems and how the process impacted Indigenous cultural perceptions of the continent’s landscape.

SAS Webinar
Saturday, December 11, 2021
2:00 p.m.
Annual Meeting Program
The schedule for the event is as follows:
1:30 – Meet and Greet
2:00 “An Indigenous Archaeology of Pawneeland: Oral Traditions, Archaeology, and Euro-American Accounts of Pawnees in the Central Plains” by Carlton Shield Chief Gover
3:15 – SAS Annual Meeting with election of officers for 2022

When people think of Plains Nations, the Lakota, Comanche, Arapaho, and Apache usually come to mind. However, rarely does the public realize that the Pawnee have a deep relationship to the Central Great Plains and Western plains that spans over hundreds, if not thousands, of years. The Pawnee have oral traditions that date back to the Ice Age which potentially describes the Ice-Free Corridor, names for Colorado Front Range locations that hold sacred significance, and hunting campsites along the Western extents of the Platte and Republican Rivers. This presentation will cover the recorded oral traditions which tie the Pawnee to the land from Colorado to Nebraska, the archaeological evidence for the extent of Pawneeland in the West, and the Euro-American accounts of Pawnees west of their core homeland in Central Nebraska and Kansas.

Carlton Shield Chief Gover is a citizen of the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma. Carlton received his B.S. in Anthropology from Radford University, his M.A. in Anthropology from the University of Wyoming, and he is currently a Ph.D. student in Anthropology at the University of Colorado Boulder. He has done archaeological fieldwork in Virginia, Wyoming, Colorado, Nebraska, and across Ukraine. Carlton’s research is primarily focused on answering qualitative questions using quantitative methods through an Indigenous and Collaborative Anthropological approach. Using Indigenous oral traditions from the Pawnee, Arikara, and Wichita, he uses the radiocarbon record from the Central Plains to date events distinguished in oral traditions and identifies periods of ethnogenesis and migrations. Carlton is also a passionate Science Communicator and believes Archaeology needs to do more public outreach. He is the host for the A Life In Ruins Podcast and the Museum Unlocked Podcast. He has appeared on several archaeology-based YouTube channels to promote Indigenous Archaeology and public outreach. He also produces video content on the A Life In Ruins YouTube channel.

Following the presentation’s question session SAS will hold its annual meeting. At the SAS Annual Meeting President, Tom Johansen will review SAS events for 2021, highlight expectations for 2022, and conduct an election of officers. The list of candidates will be published prior to the annual meeting. In 2021 monthly webinars continued from 2020 and will be offered in 2022. Hopefully we will be able to have more face to face activities in 2022. We hosted two archaeological tours: Lovelock Cave and Four Corners Tour. In 2021 scholarships were awarded to seven
scholars. In 2022 we will be hearing about their research and field schools.